设为首页
加入收藏
Identification on Cloud Macroscopic Physical Characteristics Based upon Multi-source Observations in Beijing
-
摘要: 获取准确的云高及其变化特征，对于揭示天气系统的演变以及改进气候模式具有重要作用。由于不同设备观测云高的不确定性，将锋区要素不连续变化理论引入云高分析中，将云底部、云顶部大气的交界过渡带区域视为云锋区，研究探空、毫米波雷达、风廓线雷达等不同类型设备观测要素在云锋区及云外环境大气的变化特征。对流云和层状云个例研究表明：在云锋区，温湿度及雷达反射率因子随高度的一阶、二阶导数均呈不连续现象（即一阶、二阶导数值在云内外和云锋区表现为不相等），风廓线雷达信噪比垂直梯度也出现突变，因此不同设备观测云高具有较好空间一致性，并得到云底和云顶高度的合理范围和相应判据；相对于层状云，对流云内外温度梯度差异以及云体内反射率因子二阶导数的脉动变化幅度均偏大，因此可作为区分二者的参考指标。Abstract:
The knowledge of accurate cloud heights (including cloud base height and cloud top height) information and its variation is of great importance to elucidating synoptic variation and improving climate model and prediction precision. Utilizing the theory of variation continuity and first-order discontinuity of meteorological element in frontal zone, cloud front zone is defined as transitional zone between the cloud cluster and its adjacent area in vertical direction in order to solve the problem of cloud heights uncertainties observed by different equipments. According to the humidity, scattering and turbulence properties of cloud, using observation from L-band sounding, Ka-band millimeter wave cloud radar (MMCR) and the wind profiler, the variation characteristics of temperature, humidity, radar reflectivity and signal noise ratio (SNR) as well as their differences from the ambient atmosphere are studied. In addition, the differences between convective clouds and stratified clouds are studied in terms of the characteristics of element gradient variation inside and outside clouds. Finally, the identification for cloud front zone is verified by case study and the reasonable scope and identification criterion for cloud base height and cloud top height are concluded. The results show that the first-order and second-order derivative of temperature, humidity, and radar reflectivity are discontinuous in cloud front zone (they are not equal inside and outside the cloud front region), and the vertical gradient of SNR retrieved by wind profiler is also instable, which shows that the cloud boundary range with better spatial consistency can be obtained by different devices, based on the frontal theory. In addition, there are two indicators that can be utilized to distinguish the stratiform clouds from convective clouds. The first is the difference between the vertical gradient of temperature and humidity in clouds and that in ambient atmosphere, which is larger in convective clouds than that in stratiform clouds. The second is the fluctuation amplitude of the second-order derivative of reflectivity in clouds, which is also larger in convective clouds than that in stratiform clouds. The concept of cloud front zone can be used to comprehensively identify the common range of cloud height detected by different devices, indicating that there are consistent variation characteristics in a certain area near the cloud front zone for different devices. The similarity of cloud vertical structures retrieved by multi-source equipment observation are elucidated through the characteristics of cloud front zone, which is worth applying for collaborative observation of different devices.
-
[1] Cess R D, Potter G L, Zhang M H, et al.Interpretation of snow-climate feedback as produced by 17 general circulation models.Science, 1991, 253(5022):888-892. [2] Zhou C, Zelinka M D, Klein S A.Impact of decadal cloud variations on the Earth's energy budget.Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9:871-874. [3] Stephens G L.Cloud feedbacks in the climate system:A critical review.J Climate, 2005, 18:237-273. [4] Zelinka M D, Klein S A, Taylor K E.Contributions of different cloud types to feedbacks and rapid adjustments in CMIP.J Climate, 2013, 26(14):5007-5027. [5] 刘春文, 郭学良, 段玮, 等.云南省积层混合云微物理特征飞机观测.应用气象学报, 2022, 33(2):142-154.Liu C W, Guo X L, Duan W, et al.Observation and analysis of microphysical characteristics of stratiform clouds with embedded convections in Yunnan.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2):142-154. [6] Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Jia S, et al.Climatology of cloud vertical structures from long-term high-resolution radiosonde measurements in Beijing.Atmosphere, 2020, 11(4):401. [7] 郭学良, 付丹红, 郭欣, 等.我国云降水物理飞机观测研究进展.应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6):641-652.Guo X L, Fu D H, Guo X, et al.Advances in aircraft measurements of clouds and precipitation in China.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6):641-652. [8] 刘健, 崔鹏, 肖萌.FY-2G卫星冬夏云量产品偏差分析.应用气象学报, 2017, 28(2):177-188.Liu J, Cui P, Xiao M.The bias analysis of FY-2G cloud fraction in summer and winter.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2):177-188. [9] Illingworth A J, Hogan R J, O'Connor E J, et al.Cloudnet-Continuous evaluation of cloud profiles in seven operational models using ground-based observations.Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 2007, 88:883-898. [10] 仲凌志, 刘黎平, 葛润生.毫米波测云雷达的特点及其研究现状与展望.地球科学进展, 2009, 24(4):383-391.Zhong L Z, Liu L P, Ge R S.Characteristics about the millimeter wavelength radar and its status and prospect in and abroad.Adv Earth Sci, 2009, 24(4):383-391. [11] Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Lv S, et al.Elucidating cloud vertical structures based on three-year Ka-band cloud radar observations from Beijing, China.Atmos Res, 2019, 222:88-99. [12] Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Li B, et al.Cloud-base and cloud-top heights determined from a ground-based cloud radar in Beijing, China.Atmos Environ, 2019, 201:381-390. [13] 陶法, 官莉, 张雪芬, 等.Ka波段云雷达晴空回波垂直结构及变化特征.应用气象学报, 2020, 31(6):719-728.Tao F, Guan L, Zhang X F, et al.Variation and vertical structure of clear-air echo by Ka-band cloud radar.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(6):719-728. [14] Martucci G, Milroy C, O'Dowd C D.Detection of cloud-base height using Jenoptik CHM15K and Vaisala CL31 ceilometers.J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 2010, 27(2):305-318. [15] Borg L A, Holz R E, Turner D D.Investigating cloud radar sensitivity to optically thin cirrus using collocated Raman lidar observations.Geophys Res Lett, 2011, 38(38):387-404. [16] Gage K S, Green J L, Vanzandt T E.Use of Doppler radar for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence parameters from the intensity of clear-air echoes.Radio Science, 1980, 15:407-416. [17] 管理, 戴建华, 陶岚, 等.QVP方法在双偏振雷达冬季降水观测中的应用.应用气象学报, 2021, 32(1):91-101.Guan L, Dai J H, Tao L, et al.Application of QVP method to winter precipitation observation based on polarimetric radar.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(1):91-101. [18] 张雪芬, 王志诚, 茆佳佳, 等.微波辐射计温湿廓线反演方法改进试验.应用气象学报, 2020, 31(4):385-396.Zhang X F, Wang Z C, Mao J J, et al.Experiments on improving temperature and humidity profile retrieval for ground-based microwave radiometer.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(4):385-396. [19] Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Jin J, et al.Comparison of atmospheric boundary layer height retrieved from radiosonde and groundbased microwave radiometer measurements.IEEE Xplore, 2020.DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026100. [20] Naud C, Muller J P, Clothiaux E E.Comparison between active sensor and radiosonde cloud boundaries over the ARM Southern Great Plains site.J Geophys Res Atmos, 2003, 108(D4):291-302. [21] 唐英杰, 马舒庆, 杨玲, 等.云底高度的地基毫米波云雷达观测及对比.应用气象学报, 2015, 26(6):680-687.Tang Y J, Ma S Q, Yang L, et al.Observation and comparison of cloud-base heights by ground-based milllimeter-wave cloud radar.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(6):680-687. [22] 张艳品, 章文星, 吕达仁, 等.卫星(IASI探测仪)观测云顶高与地基云雷达观测的对比验证.大气科学, 2014, 38(5):874-884.Zhang Y P, Zhang W X, Lv D R, et al.Cloud top heights measured by METOP-AIASI instrument cmpared with ground-based cloud radar.Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2014, 38(5):874-884. [23] 王喆, 王振会, 曹晓钟.毫米波雷达与无线电探空对云垂直结构探测的一致性分析.气象学报, 2016, 74(5):815-826.Wang Z, Wang Z H, Cao X Z.Consistency analysis for cloud vertical structure derived from millimeter cloud radar and radiosonde profiles.Acta Meteor Sinica, 2016, 74(5):815-826. [24] 朱乾根, 林锦瑞, 寿绍文, 等.天气学原理和方法.北京:气象出版社, 2012.Zhu Q G, Lin J R, Shou S W, et al.Principles and Methods of Synoptic Science.Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2012. [25] 李伟, 赵培涛, 郭启云, 等.国产GPS探空仪国际比对试验结果.应用气象学报, 2011, 22(4):453-462.Li W, Zhao P T, Guo Q Y, et al.The international radiosonde intercomparison results for China-made GPS radiosonde.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(4):453-462. [26] 李伟, 邢毅, 马舒庆.国产GTS1探空仪与VAISALA公司RS92探空仪对比分析.气象, 2009, 35(10):97-102.Li W, Xing Y, Ma S Q.The analysis and comparison between GTS1 radiosonde made in China and RS92 radiosonde of Vaisala company.Meteor Mon, 2009, 35(10):97-102. [27] Zhang J, Chen H, Bian J, et al.Development of cloud detection methods using CFH, GTS1, and RS80 radiosondes.Adv Atmos Sci, 2012, 29(2):236-248. [28] 蔡淼, 欧建军, 周毓荃, 等.L波段探空判别云区方法的研究.大气科学, 2014, 38(2):213-222.Cai M, Ou J J, Zhou Y Q, et al.Discriminating cloud area by using L-band sounding data.Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2014, 38(2):213-222. [29] 孙康远, 阮征, 魏鸣, 等.风廓线雷达反演大气比湿廓线的初步试验.应用气象学报, 2013, 24(4):407-415.Sun K Y, Ruan Z, Wei M.Preliminary estimation of specific humidity profiles with wind profile radar.J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(4):407-415. [30] 梅珏, 李新峰, 冯雷.上海浦东机场风廓线雷达信噪比资料在云底高度判定中的应用研究.中国民航飞行学院学报, 2017, 28(6):13-18.Mei Y, Li X F, Feng L.The application of wind profiler SNR data of Shanghai Pudong Airport in the detection of cloud base.J Civil Avia Flight Uni China, 2017, 28(6):13-18. [31] 蔡晓冬, 明杰, 王元.基于下投式探空仪资料的超强台风蔷薇(2008)动力和热力结构特征分析.地球物理学报, 2019, 62(3):825-835.Cai X D, Ming J, Wang Y.Analysis of dynamic and thermodynamic structural characteristic of the super Typhoon Jangmi (2008) using dropsonde data.Chinese J Geophys, 2019, 62(3):825-835. [32] 陈明轩, 肖现, 高峰.出流边界对京津冀地区强对流局地新生及快速增强的动力效应.大气科学, 2017, 41(5):897-917.Chen M X, Xiao X, Gao F.Dynamical effect of outflow boundary on localized initiation and rapid enhancement of severe convection over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2017, 41(5):897-917. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 31
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
