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Interannual Carbon Exchange Variability of Rain-fed Maize Fields in Northeast China and Its Influencing Factors
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摘要: 在气候变化背景下，农田净生态系统生产力变化趋势和影响因素不确定性大，为有效评估农田生态系统的固碳潜力，利用2005—2020年东北雨养春玉米田涡动相关数据分析该区域碳通量年际变化趋势及其气象、土壤和生物影响因素。结果表明：东北雨养春玉米田净生态系统生产力为272±109 g·m-2·a-1，且无显著变化趋势；与生态系统呼吸相比，净生态系统生产力年际变化主要受总生态系统生产力影响。气象因素的降水量和生物因素的作物水分利用效率是净生态系统生产力年际变化的主要影响因素，影响权重分别为28.4%和31.4%；气象、土壤和生物因素对总生态系统生产力年际变化的影响权重分别为61.0%，43.8%和62.8%；土壤因素和生物因素是生态系统呼吸年际变化的主要影响因素，且土壤因素对生态系统呼吸年际变化的影响权重（39.3%）大于生物因素（29.2%）。在气候变暖背景下，东北雨养春玉米田对水分更为敏感，同时日照和温度通过影响饱和水汽压差和土壤湿度间接影响净生态系统生产力的年际变化。Abstract:
Interannual variation in net ecosystem carbon production (NEP) plays an important role in the carbon cycle processes. An agricultural ecosystem may fluctuate between carbon net source and carbon sink, or it may remain neutral. Thus, the long-term trends in NEP and the relevant meteorological, soil and biotic control of interannual variation in NEP remain unclear in farmland agroecosystems. To effectively assess the carbon sequestration potential of the farmland ecosystem, the eddy covariance dataset of rain-fed spring maize in Northeast China from 2005 to 2020 are used to investigate the interannual variations in NEP and the relevant meteorological, soil and biotic influences. NEP is partitioned into gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) to explain the interannual variations of NEP and its influencing factors. The average annual NEP, GEP and RE are 272±109, 1086±177 and 820±130 g·m-2·a-1, respectively, with no significant changes. The day-to-day dynamics of NEP, GEP and RE show single peak curves. NEP and GEP reach the maximums at the very time of maize tasseling, and the maximum value of RE occurs 13 days after NEP and GEP. Compared with RE, NEP variations are mainly caused by GEP. The redundancy analysis shows the interannual variations in NEP are mainly affected by precipitation as the meteorological factor and water use efficiency as the biotic factor, and the influence weights of the meteorological and biotic factors are 28.4% and 31.4%. Meanwhile, the influence weights of the meteorological factors (photosynthetically active radiation, carbon dioxide and precipitation), soil (soil volumetric water content and soil organic carbon) and biotic factors (leaf area index and water use efficiency) are 61.0%, 43.8% and 62.8% for the interannual variations in GEP. The interannual variations in RE are mainly affected by the soil (soil volumetric water content and soil organic carbon) and the biotic factors (leaf area index), and the influence weight of the soil factors (39.3%) is larger than that of the biotic factor (29.2%). The results indicate that, under the background of climate warming, interannual variations in NEP in rain-fed spring maize agroecosystems are likely to be more sensitive to changes in moisture, while radiation and temperature will contribute to interannual NEP variations by affecting vapor pressure difference and soil water content.
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